Dextrose prolotherapy works by injecting a substance that causes local cell death and injury because it's hypertonic (more concentrated than the body's normal fluids). For most patients, the inflammatory response would last about a week and then positive results are seen in 4-6 weeks with complete healing in months. These healing times are generally shorter in most patients because the effect is small (small amounts of local cell injury, inflammation, small amounts of local repair).
Bone marrow concentrate containing mesenchymal stem cells initiates repair through paracrine signaling and coordinating a repair response. The repair initiated is generally bigger than prolotherapy.
Recovery from the ePICL procedure is very different because unlike in simple prolo where only one thing (mid-line posterior ligaments) is treated, in this procedure multiple structures are treated (ligaments, joints, nerves), each that heal on different timelines. To see all of the structures that are commonly treated, see: https://youtu.be/MuX6LRH6EmM?si=PUDi3UNesRhQey7X
99% of the time, things that work in rabbits don't work in people, so we will have to see how that plays out. The key piece of disc height is actually GAGs which hold onto water, so based on that, this will likely not be that effective.